PROJECT ON AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM (CHAPTER 1)

C O N T E N T S

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS					i
LIST OF FIGURES					iv
PROBLEM DEFINITION					vi
CHAPTER	1 :			OVERVIEW	1
		1.1		Web Development	1
		1.2		Web server	2
			1.2.1	Functions	3
			1.2.2	Translation of path by a web server
		1.3		Web site
			1.3.1	Web styles
			1.3.2	1.3.1.1 : Static
				1.3.1.2 : Dynamic
CHAPTER	2 :			STUDY OF EXISTING SYSTEM
CHAPTER	3 :			PROJECT REQUIRMENT
CHAPTER	4 :			FEASIBILITY STUDY
		4.1		Economic Feasibility
		4.2		Technical Feasibility
		4.3		Operational Feasibility
CHAPTER	5 :			PROPOSED SYSTEM
		5.1		Description Of Languages & Tools Used
			5.1.1	JAVA 1.6/J2EE (JSP, Servlets, JDBC), Java Script, HTML
			5.1.2	Database (MySQL 5)
			5.1.3	Server (Tomcat 6.0)
CHAPTER	6 :			SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
		6.1		System Analysis
		6.2		ER Diagram
		6.3		Data Flow Diagrams
CHAPTER	7 :			APPLICATION DESIGN
		7.1		User Account
			7.1.1	General Description
		7.2		Registration & Creation of User Profile
			7.2.1	General Description
		7.3		Checking Availability
			7.3.1	General Description
		7.4		Making Reservation/ Blocking/Confirmation
			7.4.1	General Description
		7.5		Confirm Ticket
			7.5.1	General Description
		7.6		Reschedule Ticket
			7.6.1	General Description
		7.7		Cancellation
			7.7.1	General Description
		7.8		Update Profile
			7.8.1	General Description
		7.9		View Ticket Status
			7.9.1	General Description
		7.10		Query Flight Details	56
			7.10.1	General Description	100
CHAPTER	8 :			DATABASE DESIGN
		8.1		tbl_country Table
		8.2		tbl_domestic_airlines Table
		8.3		tbl_flight_info Table
		8.4		tbl_geographical_cities Table
		8.5		[[tbl_mastercity Table
		8.6		tbl_registration Table
		8.7		tbl_reservation Table
		8.8		tbl_state Table
		8.9		tbl_week_days Table
		8.10		tbl_passenger_details Table
CHAPTER	9 :			CODING
CHAPTER	10:			SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER	11:			CONCLUSION/ SCOPE
CHAPTER	12:			SCREEN LAYOUT
References/Bibliography

P R O J E C T

ON

AIRLINE  RESERVATION  SYSTEM

P R O J E C T

ON

AIRLINE  RESERVATION  SYSTEM

PROBLEM DEFINITION

The definition of our problem lies in manual system and a full automated system.

Manual system : The system is very time consuming and slow. This system is more prone to errors and sometimes the approach to various problem is unstructured.

Technical system : With the advent of latest technology if we do not update our system then our business result in losses gradually with time. The technical systems contains the tools of latest trend i.e. computers, printers, fax, Internet etc. The systems with this technology are very fast, accurate, user-friendly and reliable.

Need for Airlines system

A few factor that directs us to develop a new system are given below :

(1)  Faster System

(2)  Accuracy

(3)  Reliability

(4)  Informative

(5)  Reservations and cancellations from any where to any place

                             Fig. 2  Airline Reservation system

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 WEB DEVELOPMENT

Web development is a broad term for any activity to developing a web site for the World Wide Web or an internet. It is sometimes used interchangeably with "web design" to indicate anything and everything that is involved with creating or maintaining a website

This can include e-commerce business development, web design, web content development, client-side/server-side scripting, and web server configuration. However, among web professionals, "web development" usually refers only to the non-design aspects of building web sites, e.g. writing markup and coding.

 To IT professionals and programmers, web development has a more specific meaning.  Web development relates specifically to the non visual aspects of a web site, background programming and behind the scenes things that make a website do something with information that customers provide or respond to data in some way.  A shopping cart application is an example of a web development process.  Web design on the other hand is the production of the visual aspects of a website.

Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services.

For larger businesses and organizations, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers). Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting webmaster, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer and/or Information systems technician.

Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the domain of a designated department.

1.2  WEB SERVER

A computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients (user agents such as web browsers), and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents, which usually are web pages such as HTML documents and linked objects (images, etc.).

When a web server receives an HTTP requests, it may respond with a static HTML page or image, send a redirect, or delegate the dynamic response generation to some other program such as CGI Scripts, JSPs (Java Server Pages), Servlets, ASPs (Active Server Pages), Server-Side Javascripts, or some other server-side technology. Whatever is the purpose, such server-side programs generate a response, most often in HTML, for viewing in a web browser.

Functions:

The client’s browsers divides the URL into different parts (address, path name, and protocol).

The DNS translates the domain name in the corresponding IP address (numeric combination). The browser decides which protocol should be used to communicate with the server (e.g. FTP, HTTP etc.).

The server sends a GET request to the web server to retrieve the address it has been given. It verifies the given address, if exists, find necessary files, run appropriate scripts, exchanges cookies if necessary and returns back to the browser. The browser now converts the data into HTML and displays results to the users. If it does not locate it sends an error message to the browser and to the client.

Authentication, optional authorization request (request of user name and password) before allowing access to some or all kind resources.

Handling of static content (file content recorded in server’s file system(s)) and dynamic content by supporting one or more related interfaces (SSI, CGI, SCGI, Fast CGI, JSP, Cold Fusion, PHP, Java Servlet,, ASP, ASP .NET, Server API such as NSAPI, ISAPI, etc.)

HTTPS support (by SSL or TLS) to allow secure (encrypted) connections to the server on the standard port 443 instead of  usual port 80.

Content compression (i.e. by gzip encoding) to reduce the size of the responses (to lower bandwidth usages, etc.).

Virtual hosting to serve many web sites using one IP address.

Large file support to be able to serve files whose size is greater than 2 GB on 32 bit OS.

Bandwidth throttling to limit the speed of responses in order to not saturate the network and     to be able to serve more clients.

TRANSALATION OF PATH BY THE WEB SERVER:

Web servers are able to map the path component of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into:

• a local file system resource (for static requests);
• an internal or external program name (for dynamic requests).

For a static request the URL path specified by the client is relative to the Web server's root directory.

1.3  WEBSITE

A website (also spelled web site) is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network.

A web page is a document, typically written in (X)HTML, that is almost always accessible via HTTP, or less often HTTPS, a protocol that information from the web server to display in the user’s web browser.

All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web (WWW).The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a common root Uniform Resource Locator (URL) called the homepage, and usually reside on the same physical server.

The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinks between them control how the reader  perceives the

overall structure and how the traffic flows between the different parts of the site.

The World Wide Web was created in 1990 by CERN engineer Tim Berners-Lee. On 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to use for anyone.

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as file transfer protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server. These protocols offer a simple directory structure which the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents were most often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in word processor formats.

1.3.1  WEBSITE STYLES :

·         Static

·         Dynamic

1.3.1.1  Static Website :

A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the same form as the user will view them. It is primarily coded in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).

A static websites is also called a classic website, a five-page website or a brochure website because it simply present pre-defined information to the user. It  may include information about a company and its products and services via text, photos, Flash animations, audio/video and interactive menus and navigation.

This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors, thus the information is static. Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, a static website will generally provide consistent, standard information for an extended period of time. Although the website owner may make updates periodically, it is a manual process to edit the text, photos and other content and may require basic website design skills and software.

In summary, visitors are not able to control what information they receive via a static website, and must instead settle for whatever content the website owner has decided to offer at that time.

They are edited using four broad categories of software:

• Text editors, such as Notepad or TextEdit, where content and HTML markup are manipulated directly within the editor program

• WYSIWYG offline editors, such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver (previously Macromedia Dreamweaver), with which the site is edited using a GUI interface and the final HTML markup is generated automatically by the editor software
• WYSIWYG online editors where the any media rich online presentation like web pages, widgets, intro, blogs etc. are created on a flash based platform.
• Template-based editors, such as Rapidweaver and iWeb, which allow users to quickly create and upload web pages to a web server without detailed HTML knowledge, as they pick a suitable template from a palette and add pictures and text to it in a desktop publishing fashion (DTP-like) without ever having to see any HTML code.

1.3.1.2  Dynamic Website :

A dynamic website is one that does not have web pages stored on the server in the same form as the user will view them.

Instead, the web page content changes automatically ant/or frequently based on the certain criteria. It generally collates information on the hop each time a page is requested.

A website can be dynamic in one of two ways :

(1)    The web page code is constructed dynamically, piece by piece.

(2)    The web page content displayed varies based on certain criteria.

The main purpose behind a dynamic website is that it is much simpler to maintain a few web pages plus a database than it is to build and update hundreds of individual web pages and links.

In one way, a data-driven website is similar to a static site because the information that is presented on the site is still limited to what the website

owner has allowed to be stored in the database (data entered by the owner and/or input by users and approved by the owner).

The advantage is that there is usually a lot more information stored in a database and made available to users.

A dynamic website also describes its construction or how it is built, and more specifically refers to the code used to create a single web page. A dynamic web page is generated on the fly by piecing together certain blocks of code, procedures or routines.

A dynamically-generated web page would call various bits of information from a database and put them together in a pre-defined format to present the reader with a coherent page. It interacts with users in a variety of ways including by reading cookies recognizing users' previous history, session variables, server side variables etc., or by using direct interaction (form elements, mouseovers, etc.).

A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user.